The role of magnetic fields in star formation

TL;DR

This paper investigates how magnetic fields influence star formation, focusing on their role in angular momentum transport within protostellar discs, despite challenges posed by weak ionization.

Contribution

It demonstrates that magnetic fields can effectively couple to gas in protostellar discs and drive angular momentum transport even with weak ionization.

Findings

Magnetic fields can couple to gas in protostellar discs.

Magnetic processes influence disc structure and evolution.

Magnetic coupling occurs over a wide range of radii.

Abstract

Star formation is thought to be triggered by the gravitational collapse of the dense cores of molecular clouds. Angular momentum conservation during the collapse results in the progressive increase of the centrifugal force, which eventually halts the inflow of material and leads to the development of a central mass surrounded by a disc. In the presence of an angular momentum transport mechanism, mass accretion onto the central object proceeds through this disc, and it is believed that this is how stars typically gain most of their mass. However, the mechanisms responsible for this transport of angular momentum are not well understood. The most promising are turbulence viscosity driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI), and outflows accelerated centrifugally from the surfaces of the disc. Both processes are powered by the action of magnetic fields and are, in turn, likely to strongly affect the structure, dynamics, evolutionary path and planet-forming capabilities of their host discs. The weak ionization of protostellar discs, however, may prevent the magnetic field from effectively coupling to the gas and drive these processes. Here I examine the viability and properties of these magnetically driven processes in protostellar discs. The results indicate that, despite the weak ionization, the field is able to couple to the gas and shear for fluid conditions thought to be satisfied over a wide range of radii in these discs.