Cosmological Constant in a Model with Superstring-Inspired E_6 Unification and Shadow Theta-Particles

TL;DR

This paper proposes a model with parallel ordinary and shadow worlds, where superstring-inspired E6 unification and shadow theta-particles explain the tiny cosmological constant through specific symmetry breakings and the existence of a confining SU(2)'_theta group.

Contribution

It introduces a novel framework combining mirror worlds, superstring-inspired unification, and shadow theta-particles to address the cosmological constant problem.

Findings

Shadow theta-particles with a confinement scale explaining the cosmological constant.

Different evolution of coupling constants in ordinary and shadow worlds due to broken mirror parity.

Restoration of mirror parity at high energies via E6 unification.

Abstract

We have developed a concept of parallel existence of the ordinary (O) and mirror (M), or shadow (Sh) worlds. In the first part of the paper we consider a mirror world with broken mirror parity and the breaking $E_6\to SU(3)^3$ in both worlds. We show that in this case the evolutions of coupling constants in the O- and M-worlds are not identical, having different parameters for similar evolutions. $E_6$ unification, inspired by superstring theory, restores the broken mirror parity at the scale $\sim 10^{18}$ GeV. With the aim to explain the tiny cosmological constant, in the second part we consider the breakings: $E_6 \to SO(10)\times U(1)_Z$ -- in the O-world, and $E'_6 \to SU(6)'\times SU(2)'_{\theta}$ -- in the Sh-world. We assume the existence of shadow $\theta$-particles and the low energy symmetry group $SU(3)'_C\times SU(2)'_L\times SU(2)'_{\theta}\times U(1)'_Y$ in the shadow world, instead of the Standard Model. The additional non-Abelian $SU(2)'_{\theta}$ group with massless gauge fields, "theton", has a macroscopic confinement radius $1/\Lambda'_{\theta}$. The assumption that $\Lambda'_{\theta}\approx 2.3\cdot 10^{-3}$ eV explains the tiny cosmological constant given by recent astrophysical measurements. In this way the present work opens the possibility to specify a grand unification group, such as $E_6$, from Cosmology.