Observational detection of eight mutual eclipses and occultations between the satellites of Uranus

TL;DR

This study observed eight mutual eclipses and occultations among Uranus's satellites during 2007, providing precise astrometric data and insights into satellite properties, with implications for understanding the Uranian system.

Contribution

First detailed observational analysis of mutual events among Uranus's satellites during 2007 equinox, improving satellite position accuracy and revealing discrepancies with predictions.

Findings

Eight clear mutual events detected and modeled.

Generated intersatellite positions with <0.01 arcsec uncertainty.

Observed systematic lag in event timings compared to predictions.

Abstract

We carried out observations, with five different instruments ranging in aperture from 0.4m to 10m, of the satellites of Uranus during that planet's 2007 Equinox. Our observations covered specific intervals of time when mutual eclipses and occultations were predicted. The observations were carried out in the near-infrared part of the spectrum to mitigate the glare from the planet. Frames were acquired at rates > 1/min. Following modelling and subtraction of the planetary source from these frames, differential aperture photometry was carried out on the satellite pairs involved in the predicted events. In all cases but one, nearby bright satellites were used as reference sources. We have obtained fifteen individual lightcurves, eight of which show a clear drop in the flux from the satellite pair, indicating that a mutual event took place. Three of these involve the faint satellite Miranda. All eight lightcurves were model-fitted to yield best estimates of the time of maximum flux drop and the impact parameter. In three cases best-fit albedo ratios were also derived. We used these estimates to generate intersatellite astrometric positions with typical formal uncertainties of <0.01 arcsec, several times better than conventional astrometry of these satellites. The statistics of our estimated event midtimes show a systematic lag, with the observations later than predictions. In addition, lightcurves of two partial eclipses of Miranda show no statistically significant evidence of a light drop, at variance with the predictions. These indicate that new information about the Uranian satellite system is contained in observations of mutual events acquired here and by other groups.