The close Be star companion of Beta Cephei

TL;DR

This study confirms that the close companion of Beta Cephei is a classical Be star with specific spectral type and rotation properties, resolving previous contradictions about Be star phenomena.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates that the close companion to Beta Cephei is a B5Ve Be star, providing detailed spectral and rotational characteristics through spectroastrometry.

Findings

The companion is a B5Ve Be star.

The primary is a slow rotator (vsin i ≈ 29 km/s).

The secondary is a fast rotator (vsin i ≈ 230 km/s).

Abstract

The prototype of the Beta Cep class of pulsating stars, Beta Cep, rotates relatively slowly, and yet displays episodic Halpha emission. Such behaviour is typical of a classical Be star. For some time this posed a contradiction to our understanding of the Be phenomena as rapid rotation is thought to be a prerequisite for the emission phases of Be stars. Recent work has demonstrated that the Halpha emission is in fact due to a close companion (separation ~0.25") of the star. This resolves the apparent enigma if this close companion is a classical Be star. We aim to test the hypothesis that this close companion is a valid Be star by determining properties such as its spectral type and vsin i. We employed spectroastrometry to investigate the close binary system. Using the spectroastrometric signatures observed, we split the composite binary spectra into its constituent spectra in the B band and R band. The split spectra allow us to estimate spectral types of the binary components. We find that the primary of the close binary system has a spectral type of B2III and the secondary a spectral type of B5Ve. From the relationship between mass and spectral type, we determine the masses of the binary components to be M_p = 12.6+/-3.2 M_* and M_s = 4.4+/-0.7 M_* respectively. The spectroastrometric data allow some constraint on the orbit, and we suggest a moderate revision to the previously determined orbit. We confirm that the primary of the system is a slow rotator (vsin i =29 +43/-29 km/s), while the secondary rotates significantly faster, at a vsin i =230+/-45 km/s. We show that the close companion to the beta Cep primary is a valid classical Be star. It has a spectral type of B5Ve and is a relatively fast rotator.