Precision electromagnetic structure of decuplet baryons in the chiral regime

TL;DR

This study calculates electromagnetic properties of decuplet baryons using lattice QCD, revealing their deformation, environment insensitivity, and specific moments like the non-zero M3 form factor for the Delta baryon.

Contribution

First lattice QCD determination of the M3 form factor for the Delta baryon, demonstrating baryon deformation and comparing decuplet and octet baryon properties.

Findings

Decuplet baryons are deformed.

Charge radii are smaller than octet baryons.

First non-zero M3 form factor for Delta baryon.

Abstract

The electromagnetic properties of the baryon decuplet are calculated in quenched QCD on a 20^3 x 40 lattice with a lattice spacing of 0.128 fm using the fat-link irrelevant clover (FLIC) fermion action with quark masses providing a pion mass as low as 300 MeV. Magnetic moments and charge radii are extracted from the electric and magnetic form factors for each individual quark sector. From these, the corresponding baryon properties are constructed. We present results for the higher order moments of the spin-3/2 baryons, including the electric quadrupole moment E2 and the magnetic octupole moment M3. The world's first determination of a non-zero M3 form factor for the Delta baryon is presented. With these results we provide a conclusive analysis which shows that decuplet baryons are deformed. We compare the decuplet baryon results from a similar lattice calculation of the octet baryons. We establish that the environment sensitivity is far less pronounced in the case of the decuplet baryons compared to that in the octet baryons. A surprising result is that the charge radii of the decuplet baryons are generally smaller than that of the octet baryons. The magnetic moment of the Delta^+ reveals a turn over in the low quark mass region, making it smaller than the proton magnetic moment. These results are consistent with the expectations of quenched chiral perturbation theory. A similar turn over is also noticed in the magnetic moment of the Sigma^*0, but not for Xi^* where only kaon loops can appear in quenched QCD. The electric quadrupole moment of the Omega^- baryon is positive when the negative charge factor is included, and is equal to 0.86 +- 0.12 x 10^-2 fm^2, indicating an oblate shape.