Faraday patterns in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates Faraday pattern formation in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing unique frequency-dependent behaviors linked to the roton-maxon spectrum, and proposes these patterns as a diagnostic for roton minima.

Contribution

It demonstrates the distinct Faraday pattern behaviors in dipolar gases with roton features, highlighting their potential to detect roton minima.

Findings

Pattern size exhibits abrupt transitions with frequency in dipolar gases.

Modulating dipolar interactions enhances pattern complexity.

Faraday patterns serve as indicators of roton spectrum onset.

Abstract

Faraday patterns can be induced in Bose-Einstein condensates by a periodic modulation of the system nonlinearity. We show that these patterns are remarkably different in dipolar gases with a roton-maxon excitation spectrum. Whereas for non-dipolar gases the pattern size decreases monotonously with the driving frequency, patterns in dipolar gases present, even for shallow roton minima, a highly non trivial frequency dependence characterized by abrupt pattern size transitions, which are especially pronounced when the dipolar interaction is modulated. Faraday patterns constitute hence an optimal tool for revealing the onset of the roton minimum, a major key feature of dipolar gases.