Spin Injection and Detection in a Mesoscopic Superconductor at Low Temperatures

TL;DR

This paper provides a theoretical analysis of spin transport in a superconducting wire with ferromagnetic contacts, explaining temperature-independent spin signals at low temperatures through nonequilibrium quasiparticle dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a set of Boltzmann equations for nonequilibrium quasiparticle distributions and derives an analytical expression for the nonlocal spin signal in superconducting systems.

Findings

Spin signal becomes temperature-independent at low temperatures.

Quasiparticle distribution in ferromagnetic detectors significantly influences the spin signal.

Theoretical results align with recent experimental observations.

Abstract

We theoretically study nonequilibrium spin transport in a superconducting wire connected by tunnel junctions to two ferromagnetic metal wires, each of which serves as an injector or detector of spin-polarized electron current. We present a set of Boltzmann equations to determine nonequilibrium quasiparticle distributions in this system, and obtain an analytical expression for the nonlocal spin signal in the case of small injection current. It is shown that the quasiparticle distribution in the ferromagnetic metal for detection strongly affects the magnitude of the spin signal. At low temperatures, since nonequilibrium quasiparticles created by the tunneling from the superconductor dominate thermally excited ones, the spin signal becomes independent of temperature. This explains the convergence of the spin signal with decreasing temperature observed in a recent experiment by Poli \textit{et al}.