Superfluid Component of Electromagnetic Field and New Fundamental Constant in The Nature

TL;DR

This paper proposes a model of the electromagnetic field as a Bose gas of light bosons with a finite mass, demonstrating a phase transition to a superfluid state at low temperatures, introducing a new fundamental constant.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum model of the electromagnetic field as a Bose gas of light bosons with finite mass and predicts a superfluid phase transition.

Findings

Identification of a finite mass for light bosons as a fundamental constant

Prediction of a superfluid phase of the electromagnetic field at low temperatures

Determination of the transition temperature for the phase change

Abstract

First, the description of a quantization local electromagnetic field is proposed by presentation of quantum form of Maxwell equations in the vacuum which describes the electromagnetic field by the model of a Bose-gas consisting of the interacting fundamental neutral Bose-particles (light bosons) with spin one and a finite mass $m$. The later represents as a fundamental constant $ m=2.4 \cdot 10^{-35} kg $. The light bosons of electromagnetic field induce the Bose-excitations, which are the photon modes. In this letter, we show that the Bose gas of light bosons undergoes a phase transition at low temperatures to condition in which the zero-momentum quantum state is occupied by a finite fraction of the light bosons. This momentum-condensed phase represents as a superfluid component for electromagnetic field. The later is absent at the transition temperature, which is found in this letter.