21-cm absorbers at intermediate redshifts

TL;DR

This study conducted a GMRT survey of 35 DLA candidates at intermediate redshifts, discovering 9 new 21-cm absorbers, and explored how their detectability depends on UV line properties, aiding understanding of interstellar medium conditions.

Contribution

The paper presents the first unbiased survey of 21-cm absorption in DLAs at 1.10<z<1.45, discovering new absorbers and analyzing their properties to understand physical conditions in protogalaxies.

Findings

Discovered 9 new 21-cm absorbers in the redshift range 1.10<z<1.45.

Established the dependence of 21-cm detectability on UV absorption line properties.

Estimated the number density of 21-cm absorbers per unit redshift.

Abstract

Damped Lyman-alpha systems (DLAs) seen in the spectra of high-z QSOs allow us to probe the physical conditions in protogalaxies. Our understanding of physical conditions in DLAs at high-z is primarily based on the absorption lines of H_2 molecules and fine-structure transitions. Another important way of probing the thermal state of interstellar medium in these systems is by studying the 21-cm absorption in the spectra of background quasars. Here we report the main results of our GMRT survey to search for 21-cm absorption in a representative and unbiased sample of 35 DLA candidates at 1.10<z<1.45. Our sample of DLA candidates is drawn from the strong MgII systems in SDSS DR5 and has resulted in discovery of 9 new 21-cm absorbers. Prior to our survey only one 21-cm absorber was known in the redshift range: 0.7<z<2. This survey has allowed us to investigate the dependence of detectability of 21-cm absorption on the properties of UV absorption lines detected in SDSS spectra and estimate the number per unit redshift of 21-cm absorbers. Our GMRT survey provides a representative sample of systems that can be used in combination with various follow-up observations: (1) for investigating the physical conditions in the absorbing gas using spin temperature measurements, (2) for investigating the effect of metallicity and dust content on the detectability of 21-cm absorption, (3) for studying the morphology of the absorbing gas and (4) for probing the time evolution of various fundamental constants. Results from the first phase of our survey are presented in Gupta et al. (2007). Detailed description of the entire sample and results from the survey are presented in Gupta et al. (2009).