How Einstein's quantum hypothesis requires a departure from classical mechanics

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that Einstein's quantum hypothesis inherently necessitates a shift from classical mechanics by showing how measurement perturbations lead to quantum concepts like conjugate variables and probabilistic outcomes.

Contribution

It provides a physical argument linking Einstein's quantum hypothesis to the fundamental departure from classical mechanics through measurement perturbations.

Findings

Ideal measurements perturb the system, leading to quantum concepts.

Quantum mechanics emerges from measurement limitations and perturbations.

Classical mechanics cannot account for the probabilistic and conjugate variable features.

Abstract

The aim of this work is to show how Einstein's quantum hypothesis leads immediately and necessarily to a departure from classical mechanics. First we note that the classical description and predictions are in terms of idealized measurements that are exact, instantaneous, non-perturbative, independent of each other and process agnostic. If we assume we cannot arbitrarily reduce the strength of a signal, measurements are ultimately perturbative to some degree. We show how a physical description in which the best measurement conceivable, i.e. the ideal measurement, perturbs the system leads to all the concepts present in quantum mechanics including conjugate variables, probabilistic predictions and measurements connected to symmetries.