Surface plasmon Fourier optics

TL;DR

This paper develops two equivalent vectorial models for surface plasmon fields using complex wavevector and frequency expansions, clarifying dispersion, confinement, and diffraction properties without ambiguity.

Contribution

It introduces a unified vectorial framework for surface plasmon analysis based on complex wavevector and frequency expansions, resolving existing controversies.

Findings

Derived two equivalent vectorial representations of surface plasmon fields.

Clarified the relationship between dispersion relations and field confinement.

Provided tools for accurate modeling of surface wave propagation and diffraction.

Abstract

Surface plasmons are usually described as surface waves with either a complex wavevector or a complex frequency. When discussing their merits in terms of field confinment or enhancement of the local density of states, controversies regularly arise as the results depend on the choice of a complex wavevector or a complex frequency. In particular, the shape of the dispersion curves depends on this choice. When discussing diffraction of surface plasmon a scalar approximation is often used. In this work, we derive two equivalent vectorial representations of a surface plasmon field using an expansion over surface waves with either a complex wavevector or a complex frequency. These representations can be used to account for propagation and diffraction of surface waves. They can also be used to discuss the issue of field confinment and local density of states as they have a non-ambiguous relation with the two dispersion relations.