Pumping vortex into a Bose-Einstein condensate of heteronuclear molecules

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to create vortices in heteronuclear molecular Bose-Einstein condensates by flipping an electric field bias, supported by analytic and numerical evidence, opening new experimental avenues.

Contribution

It extends atomic spinor vortex creation protocols to heteronuclear molecules using electric field manipulation, a novel approach in quantum degenerate molecular systems.

Findings

High fidelity vortex creation demonstrated through simulations

Analytic proof supports the proposed vortex pump mechanism

Potential for experimental realization in quantum degenerate molecules

Abstract

Heteronuclear molecules attract wide attention due to their permanent electric dipole moments. Analogous to atoms with magnetic dipoles, the existence of nonzero electric dipoles significantly enhance possibilities and mechanisms for control and design of quantum degenerate molecule systems with electric (E-) fields. This work proposes a vortex creation mechanism inside a condensate of heteronuclear molecules through the adiabatic flipping of the axial bias of an analogous E-field Ioffe-Pritchard trap (IPT), extending the original protocol due to Ishoshima, {\it et al.}, [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{61}, 063610 (2000)] for an atomic spinor condensate inside a magnetic (B-) field IPT. We provide both analytic proof and numerical simulations to illustrate the high fidelity operation of this vortex pump protocol. We hope our work provides stimulating experimental possibilities for the active investigations in quantum degenerate molecule systems.