Parallaxes and proper motions for 20 open clusters as based on the new Hipparcos catalogue

TL;DR

This paper utilizes the improved Hipparcos catalogue to derive precise parallaxes and proper motions for 20 open clusters, enhancing the accuracy of their astrometric data and analyzing their HR-diagrams for stellar evolution insights.

Contribution

It provides new, more accurate astrometric measurements for 20 open clusters based on the latest Hipparcos data, enabling better understanding of cluster properties and stellar evolution.

Findings

Improved accuracy of parallaxes and proper motions for open clusters.

Consistent HR-diagrams among cluster groups, supporting stellar evolution models.

Calibration of systematic differences using field-star observations.

Abstract

A new reduction of the astrometric data as produced by the Hipparcos mission has been published, claiming that the accuracies for nearly all stars brighter than magnitude $\mathrm{Hp}=8$ are improved, by up to a factor 4, compared to the original catalogue. As correlations between the underlying abscissa residuals have also been reduced by more than an order of magnitude to an insignificant level, our ability to determine reliable parallaxes and proper motions for open clusters should be improved. The new Hipparcos astrometric catalogue is used to derive mean parallax and proper motion estimates for 20 open clusters. The HR-diagrams of the nearest clusters are compared and combined to provide future input to sets of observational isochrones. The positions of the cluster HR diagrams are consistent within different groups of clusters shown for example by the near-perfect alignment of the sequences for the Hyades and Praesepe, for Coma Ber and UMa, and for the Pleiades, NGC 2516, and Blanco 1. The groups are mutually consistent when systematic differences in $\Delta c_0$ are taken into account, where the effect of these differences on the absolute magnitudes has been calibrated using field-star observations.