Short versus Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: spectra, energetics, and luminosities

TL;DR

This study compares the spectral and energetic properties of short and long Gamma-Ray Bursts, finding similarities in their initial emission phases and suggesting a common central engine with different durations.

Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison of spectral properties and correlations for short and long GRBs, highlighting their similarities and differences in energetics and emission phases.

Findings

Short GRBs have harder low-energy spectra and slightly higher peak energies.

Short and long GRBs share similar spectral features during the first 1-2 seconds.

Short GRBs are less energetic but follow similar luminosity correlations as long GRBs.

Abstract

We compare the spectral properties of 79 short and 79 long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) detected by BATSE and selected with the same limiting peak flux. Short GRBs have a low-energy spectral component harder and a peak energy slightly higher than long GRBs, but no difference is found when comparing short GRB spectra with those of the first 1-2 sec emission of long GRBs. These results confirm earlier findings for brighter GRBs. The bolometric peak flux of short GRBs correlates with their peak energy in a similar way to long bursts. Short and long GRBs populate different regions of the bolometric fluence-peak energy plane, short bursts being less energetic by a factor similar to the ratio of their durations. If short and long GRBs had similar redshift distributions, they would have similar luminosities yet different energies, which correlate with the peak energy E_peak for the population of long GRBs. We also test whether short GRBs are consistent with the E_peak-E_iso and E_peak-L_iso correlations for the available sample of short (6 events) and long (92 events) GRBs with measured redshifts and E_peak,obs: while short GRBs are inconsistent with the E_peak-E_iso correlation of long GRBs, they could follow the E_peak-L_iso correlation of long bursts. All the above indications point to short GRBs being similar to the first phases of long bursts. This suggests that a similar central engine (except for its duration) operates in GRBs of different durations.