Biaxial nematic phases in ultracold dipolar Fermi gases

TL;DR

This paper explores the emergence of biaxial nematic phases in ultracold dipolar Fermi gases, showing how long-range anisotropic interactions can lead to spontaneous symmetry breaking and Fermi surface distortion.

Contribution

It introduces the theoretical possibility of biaxial nematic phases in ultracold dipolar Fermi gases using Landau Fermi liquid theory, highlighting a new phase of matter.

Findings

Biaxial nematic phase can spontaneously form in dipolar Fermi gases.

Fermi surface distortion is a signature of the biaxial phase.

Long-range anisotropic interactions induce symmetry breaking.

Abstract

Ultracold dipolar Fermi gases represent relatively unexplored, strongly correlated systems arising from long-range and anisotropic interactions. We demonstrate the possibility of a spontaneous symmetry breaking biaxial phase in these systems, which may be realized in, e.g., gases of ultracold polar molecules or strongly magnetic atoms. This biaxial nematic phase is manifest in a spontaneous distortion of the Fermi surface perpendicular to the axis of polarization. We describe these dipolar interaction induced phases using Landau Fermi liquid theory.