Effects of a dilute gas of fermions on the superfluid-insulator phase diagram of the Bose-Hubbard model

TL;DR

This paper develops a perturbation theory framework to study how a dilute gas of fermions influences the superfluid-insulator phase diagram of the Bose-Hubbard model, revealing suppression of Mott lobes and potential enhancement due to multi-band effects.

Contribution

It introduces a perturbative approach to analyze fermion-induced interactions in the Bose-Hubbard model, including effects on phase diagram and higher band excitations.

Findings

Fermions suppress Mott-insulating lobes in the phase diagram.

Fermions enhance the superfluid phase area.

Higher band excitations can increase on-site boson repulsion.

Abstract

Building on the work of Fisher et al. (Phys. Rev. B 40, 546 (1989)), we develop a framework for perturbation theory in the Bose-Hubbard model and apply it to calculate the effects of a degenerate gas of spin-polarized fermions interacting by contact interactions with the constituent bosons. For the single-band Bose-Hubbard model, the only non-trivial effect of the fermions is to induce an effective space- and time-dependent density-density interaction among the bosons. Using a path integral formulation, we develop the appropriate theory describing the perturbative effects of this fermion-mediated interaction (fermionic screening) on the generic superfluid-insulator phase diagram. For the single-band Bose-Hubbard model, we find that the net effect of the fermions is to inherently suppress the Mott-insulating lobes and enhance the area occupied by the superfluid phase in the phase diagram. For the more general multi-band Bose-Hubbard model, we find that, in addition to the fermion screening of the boson interactions, the virtual excitations of the bosons to the higher Bloch bands coupled with the contact interactions with the fermions result in an effective increase of the boson on-site repulsion. If this renormalization of the boson on-site potential is dominant over the fermion screening of the boson interactions, the area of the Mott insulating lobes of the Bose-Hubbard phase diagram will be enhanced for either sign of the boson-fermion interactions, as seen in recent experiments.