On the Characteristic Isolation of Compact Subgroups within Loose Groups of Galaxies

TL;DR

This paper investigates how tidal forces within loose galaxy groups can isolate compact subgroups, affecting their evolution and galaxy infall, supported by a statistical analysis of a specific galaxy system.

Contribution

It introduces a new hypothesis linking tidal effects to the isolation of compact galaxy subgroups and develops a statistical method to test this.

Findings

Evidence of tidal radius effects in galaxy subgroup isolation

Compact subgroups can be dynamically isolated from their host groups

Application to UZC 578 / HCG 68 supports the hypothesis

Abstract

We have explored the hypothesis that compact subgroups lying within dense environments as loose groups of galaxies, at a certain stage of their evolutionary history, could be influenced by the action of the tidal field induced by the gravitational potential of the whole system. We argue that empty rings observed in projection around many compact subgroups of galaxies embedded in larger hosts originate around the spherical surface drawn by the tidal radius where the internal binding force of the compact subgroup balances the external tidal force of the whole system. This effect would torn apart member galaxies situated in this region determining a marked isolation of the subgroups from the rest of the host groups. If so, subsequent evolution of these subgroups should not be affected by external influences as the infall of new surrounding galaxies on them. Following this idea we have developed a statistical method of investigation and performed an application to show evidences of such effect studying a loose group of galaxies hosting a compact group in its central region. The system UZC 578 / HCG 68 seems to be a fair example of such hypothesized process.