Unconventional rotational responses of hadronic superfluids in a neutron star caused by strong entrainment and a $\Sigma^-$ hyperon gap

TL;DR

This paper reveals that strong entrainment and hyperon gaps in neutron stars lead to unconventional rotational responses involving charged condensate vortices, altering the star's magnetic and rotational dynamics.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the standard model of neutron star rotation fails under certain conditions, introducing a new mechanism involving phase windings in charged condensates.

Findings

Rotation-induced vortices are replaced by phase windings in charged condensates.

Vortex lattices can significantly reduce vortex interactions with magnetic fields.

Standard models do not account for effects of strong entrainment and hyperon gaps.

Abstract

I show that the usual model of the rotational response of a neutron star, which predicts rotation-induced neutronic vortices and no rotation-induced protonic vortices, does not hold (i) beyond a certain threshold of entrainment interaction strength nor (ii) in case of nonzero $\Sigma^-$ hyperon gap. I demonstrate that in both these cases the rotational response involves creation of phase windings in electrically charged condensate. Lattices of bound states of vortices which are caused these effects can (for a range of parameters) strongly reduce the interaction between rotation-induced vortices with magnetic-field carrying superconducting components.