Crossover between Abelian and non-Abelian confinement in N=2 supersymmetric QCD

TL;DR

This paper explores the transition from Abelian to non-Abelian confinement in N=2 supersymmetric QCD, revealing a crossover that sharpens into a phase transition as the number of colors N approaches infinity.

Contribution

It provides a detailed phase diagram and demonstrates how the crossover evolves into a phase transition at large N in N=2 supersymmetric QCD.

Findings

Crossover from non-Abelian to Abelian confinement identified.

Phase transition becomes sharp at N = infinity.

Low-energy spectrum reduces from N^2 to N degrees of freedom.

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the nature of the transition from Abelian to non-Abelian confinement (i.e. crossover vs. phase transition). To this end we consider the basic N=2 model where non-Abelian flux tubes (strings) were first found: supersymmetric QCD with the U(N) gauge group and N_f=N flavors of fundamental matter (quarks). The Fayet-Iliopoulos term \xi triggers the squark condensation and leads to the formation of non-Abelian strings. There are two adjustable parameters in this model: \xi and the quark mass difference \Delta m. We obtain the phase diagram on the (\xi, \Delta m) plane. At large \xi and small \Delta m the world-sheet dynamics of the string orientational moduli is described by N=2 two-dimensional CP(N-1) model. We show that as we reduce \xi the theory exhibits a crossover to the Abelian (Seiberg-Witten) regime. Instead of N^2 degrees of freedom of non-Abelian theory now only N degrees of freedom survive in the low-energy spectrum. Dyons with certain quantum numbers condense leading to the formation of the Abelian Z_N strings whose fluxes are fixed inside the Cartan subalgebra of the gauge group. As we increase N this crossover becomes exceedingly sharper becoming a genuine phase transition at N =\infty.