Can quantum mechanics be an emergent phenomenon?

TL;DR

This paper explores the possibility that quantum mechanics could be an emergent, deterministic phenomenon, with Born's rule arising naturally from a combination of 't Hooft's Hamiltonian and classical operatorial formulations.

Contribution

It demonstrates that quantum mechanics might have a deterministic foundation and that Born's rule can emerge without being postulated, linking 't Hooft's pre-quantization to classical physics.

Findings

Born's rule emerges naturally in the framework

Quantum mechanics can be viewed as an emergent phenomenon

Deterministic underpinnings of quantum theory are plausible

Abstract

We raise the issue whether conventional quantum mechanics, which is not a hidden variable theory in the usual Jauch-Piron's sense, might nevertheless be a hidden variable theory in the sense recently conjectured by G. 't Hooft in his pre-quantization scheme. We find that quantum mechanics might indeed have a fully deterministic underpinning by showing that Born's rule naturally emerges (i.e., it is not postulated) when 't Hooft's Hamiltonian for be-ables is combined with the Koopmann - von Neumann operatorial formulation of classical physics.