Gibbs Free Energy Analysis of a Quantum Analog of the Classical Binary Symmetric Channel

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the Gibbs free energy of a quantum communication system modeled after the classical Ising model, revealing that the quantum system's capacity in product states is lower than the classical counterpart, with implications for quantum communication and entanglement.

Contribution

It introduces an exact decimation method for quantum spins and demonstrates that product states in a quantum system have higher Gibbs free energy and lower capacity than classical systems.

Findings

Quantum system's Gibbs free energy is higher in product states.

Quantum channel capacity is lower than classical in similar conditions.

Decimation method for quantum spins is developed.

Abstract

The Gibbs free energy properties of a quantum {\it send, receive} communications system are studied. The communications model resembles the classical Ising model of spins on a lattice in that the joint state of the quantum system is the product of sender and receiver states. However, the system differs from the classical case in that the sender and receiver spin states are quantum superposition states coupled by a Hamiltonian operator. A basic understanding of these states is directly relevant to communications theory and indirectly relevant to computation since the product states form a basis for entangled states. Highlights of the study include an exact method for decimation for quantum spins. The main result is that the minimum Gibbs free energy of the quantum system in the product state is higher (lower capacity) than a classical system with the same parameter values. The result is both surprising and not. The channel characteristics of the quantum system in the product state are markedly inferior to those of the classical Ising system. Intuitively, it would seem that capacity should suffer as a result. Yet, one would expect entangled states, built from product states, to have better correlation properties.