An Active High Impedance Surface for Low Profile Tunable and Steerable Antennas

TL;DR

This paper presents a low-profile, tunable, and steerable antenna using an active artificial magnetic conductor with varactor diodes, enabling frequency tuning and beam steering over the S-Band.

Contribution

It introduces a novel active AMC-based antenna design that combines tunability and beam steering in a compact form factor.

Findings

Tunable over the S-Band by adjusting varactor capacitances.

Capable of beam scanning through biasing voltage control.

Achieves a low profile of approximately lambda/24 at center frequency.

Abstract

In this letter, an approach for designing a tunable and steerable antenna is presented. The antenna model is based on a wideband bow-tie radiating element mounted above an active Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC). The AMC geometry consists of a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) printed on a thin grounded dielectric slab in which some chip-set varactor diodes are placed between the metallic elements and the backing plane through vias. The resulting antenna can be tuned over the S-Band by simply changing all varactor capacitances through an appropriate biasing voltage. Moreover, this structure can operate a beam scanning over each working frequency by applying an appropriate biasing voltage to the active elements of the AMC surface in accordance to leaky radiation principles. The low profile active antenna is characterized by an overall thickness of 5.32 mm, which corresponds to approximately lambda/24 at the centre of the operating band.