Proliferation in Cycle

TL;DR

This paper proposes a cyclic multiverse model where each cycle's contracting phase amplifies metric perturbations, leading to universe proliferation and independent universe formation after each cycle.

Contribution

It introduces a mechanism for universe proliferation in cyclic cosmology through metric perturbation amplification during contraction phases.

Findings

Metric perturbations grow cycle by cycle in contracting phases.

The universe splits into multiple independent universes each cycle.

Estimated number of new universes proliferated per cycle.

Abstract

In the contracting phase with w\simeq 0, the scale invariant spectrum of curvature perturbation is given by the increasing mode of metric perturbation. In this paper, it is found that if the contracting phase with w\simeq 0 is included in each cycle of a cycle universe, since the metric perturbation is amplified on super horizon scale cycle by cycle, after each cycle the universe will be inevitably separated into many parts independent of one another, each of which corresponds to a new universe and evolves up to next cycle, and then is separated again. In this sense, a cyclic multiverse scenario is actually presented, in which the universe proliferates cycle by cycle. We estimate the number of new universes proliferated in each cycle, and discuss the implications of this result.