TL;DR
This paper reviews the design, physical principles, and recent advances in optical antennas and plasmonics, emphasizing field enhancement, resonance conditions, and experimental measurement techniques.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive overview of optical antenna types, their resonance behavior, and recent developments, highlighting physical properties and measurement methods.
Findings
Localized strong electric fields in antenna gaps and apertures
Explicit resonance conditions for specific metal structures
Comparison between conventional and optical antennas
Abstract
Optical antenna is a nanoscale miniaturization of radio or microwave antennas that is also governed by the rule of plasmonics. We introduce various types of optical antenna and make an overview of recent developments in optical antenna research. The role of local and surface plasmons in optical antenna is explained through antenna resonance and resonance conditions for specific metal structures are explicitly obtained. Strong electric field is shown to exist within a highly localized region of optical antennas such as antenna feed gap or apertures. We describe physical properties of field enhancement in apertures(circular and rectangular holes) and gaps(infinite slit and feed gap), as well as experimental techniques measuring enhanced electric vector field. We discuss about analogies and differences between conventional and optical antennas with a projection of future developments.
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