The canonical Gamma-Ray Bursts: long, "fake"-"disguised" and "genuine" short bursts

TL;DR

This paper discusses the structure and classification of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), introducing the fireshell model which differentiates between various types of GRBs and offers a new perspective on their origins and observed features.

Contribution

The paper presents the fireshell model as an alternative to the traditional fireball model, providing a new framework for understanding GRB structure and classification.

Findings

Fireshell model explains GRB structure as composed of a proper-GRB and an extended afterglow.

Differentiates between long, short, and disguised short GRBs based on the fireshell paradigm.

Provides a unified interpretation of diverse GRB phenomena through relativistic plasma dynamics.

Abstract

The Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) offer the unprecedented opportunity to observe for the first time the blackholic energy extracted by the vacuum polarization during the process of gravitational collapse to a black hole leading to the formation of an electron-positron plasma. The uniqueness of the Kerr-Newman black hole implies that very different processes originating from the gravitational collapse a) of a single star in a binary system induced by the companion, or b) of two neutron stars, or c) of a neutron star and a white dwarf, do lead to the same structure for the observed GRB. The recent progress of the numerical integration of the relativistic Boltzmann equations with collision integrals including 2-body and 3-body interactions between the particles offer a powerful conceptual tool in order to differentiate the traditional "fireball" picture, an expanding hot cavity considered by Cavallo and Rees, as opposed to the "fireshell" model, composed of an internally cold shell of relativistically expanding electron-positron-baryon plasma. The analysis of the fireshell naturally leads to a canonical GRB composed of a proper-GRB and an extended afterglow. By recalling the three interpretational paradigms for GRBs we show how the fireshell model leads to an understanding of the GRB structure and to an alternative classification of short and long GRBs.