Thermodynamics in $F(R)$ gravity with phantom crossing

TL;DR

This paper investigates the thermodynamics of the apparent horizon in $F(R)$ gravity, showing that models crossing the phantom divide can satisfy the second law in both phantom and non-phantom phases.

Contribution

It demonstrates that $F(R)$ gravity models with phantom crossing can uphold the second law of thermodynamics across different cosmic phases.

Findings

Second law of thermodynamics holds in $F(R)$ models with phantom crossing

Thermodynamic consistency is maintained in both phantom and non-phantom phases

Supports viability of $F(R)$ gravity in cosmological thermodynamics

Abstract

We study thermodynamics of the apparent horizon in $F(R)$ gravity. In particular, we demonstrate that a $F(R)$ gravity model with realizing a crossing of the phantom divide can satisfy the second law of thermodynamics in the effective phantom phase as well as non-phantom one.