GRB Light Curves in the Relativistic Turbulence Model

TL;DR

This paper explores a relativistic turbulence model for gamma-ray burst (GRB) light curves, proposing that small relativistic emitters within an expanding shell can produce observed variability, with constraints on parameters derived from toy models.

Contribution

It introduces two toy models to analyze the constraints on relativistic motions needed to replicate GRB light curve variability, offering an alternative to internal shocks.

Findings

Relativistic random motions influence variability significantly.

A specific relation between emitter size and Lorentz factors is required.

Models can produce observed variability but face inconsistencies with other properties.

Abstract

Randomly oriented relativistic emitters in a relativistically expanding shell provides an alternative to internal shocks as a mechanism for producing GRBs' variable light curves with efficient conversion of energy to radiation. In this model the relativistic outflow is broken into small emitters moving relativistically in the outflow's rest frame. Variability arises because an observer sees an emitter only when its velocity points towards him so that only a small fraction of the emitters are seen by a given observer. Models with significant relativistic random motions require converting and maintaining a large fraction of the overall energy into these motions. While it is not clear how this is achieved, we explore here, using two toy models, the constraints on parameters required to produce light curves comparable to the observations. We find that a tight relation between the size of the emitters and the bulk and random Lorentz factors is needed and that the random Lorentz factor determines the variability. While both models successfully produce the observed variability there are several inconsistencies with other properties of the light curves. Most of which, but not all, might be resolved if the central engine is active for a long time producing a number of shells, resembling to some extent the internal shocks model.