Horizons and the cosmological constant

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel solution to Einstein's equations describing a point mass in a de Sitter universe, revealing unique properties distinct from traditional black hole and de Sitter models.

Contribution

It introduces a new, smooth metric solution for a point mass in de Sitter space with distinctive features such as an antitrapped surface and an initial singularity.

Findings

The solution is smooth everywhere and allows light to escape through the horizon.

It differs qualitatively from the Schwarzschild solution for positive cosmological constant.

The solution is not a continuous deformation of the Schwarzschild metric.

Abstract

A new solution of the Einstein equations for the point mass immersed in the de Sitter Universe is presented. The properties of the metric are very different from both the Schwarzschild black hole and the de Sitter Universe: it is everywhere smooth, light can propagate outward through the horizon, there is an antitrapped surface enclosing the point mass and there is necessarily an initial singularity. The solution for any positive cosmological constant is qualitatively different from the Schwarzschild solution and is not its continuous deformation.