Neutrino Masses, Dark Energy and the Gravitational Lensing of Pregalactic HI

TL;DR

This paper forecasts how future radio telescopes observing high redshift 21 cm emission can significantly improve constraints on neutrino masses and species, especially when combined with galaxy lensing surveys, reducing parameter degeneracies.

Contribution

It introduces a method to combine 21 cm lensing with galaxy lensing to better constrain neutrino properties and dark energy parameters, accounting for complex cosmological models.

Findings

21 cm lensing reduces degeneracy between neutrino and dark energy parameters.

Combined surveys could constrain neutrino mass to ~0.04 eV.

Neutrino masses can bias dark energy measurements if too small to detect.

Abstract

We study the constraints which the next generation of radio telescopes could place on the mass and number of neutrino species by studying the gravitational lensing of high redshift 21 cm emission in combination with wide-angle surveys of galaxy lensing. We use simple characterizations of reionization history and of proposed telescope designs to forecast the constraints and detectability threshold for neutrinos. It is found that the degeneracy between neutrino parameters and dark energy parameters is significantly reduced by incorporating 21 cm lensing. The combination of galaxy and 21 cm lensing could constrain the sum of the neutrino masses to within ~ 0.04 eV and the number of species to within ~ 0.1. This is an improvement of a factor of 2.6 in mass and 1.3 in number over a galaxy lensing survey alone. This includes marginalizing over an 11 parameter cosmological model with a two parameter model for the dark energy equation of state. If the dark energy equation of state is held fixed at w = p/\rho=-1 the constraints improve to ~0.03 eV and 0.04. These forecasted errors depend critically on the fraction of sky that can be surveyed in redshifted 21 cm emission (25% is assumed here) and the redshift of reionization ($z=7$ is assumed here). It is also found that neutrinos with masses too small to be detected in the data could none the less cause a significant bias in the measured dark energy equation of state.