Mach cones in heavy ion collisions

TL;DR

This paper investigates how jets deposit energy in heavy ion collisions, leading to Mach cones, and compares hydrodynamic models with strong coupling calculations to understand observable signals.

Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison of hydrodynamic and AdS/CFT models for jet-induced energy deposition and explores the conditions affecting Mach cone formation.

Findings

Energy deposition can produce Mach cones under certain conditions.

Hydrodynamic and AdS/CFT models show different behaviors for jet energy loss.

Observable signatures depend on assumptions about energy and momentum transfer.

Abstract

We study the fate of the energy deposited by a jet in a heavy ion collision assuming that the medium created is opaque (jets quickly lose energy) and its viscosity is so low that the energy lost by the jet is quickly thermalized. The expectation is that under these conditions the energy deposited gives rise to a Mach cone. We argue that, in general, the behavior of the system is different from the naive expectation and it depends strongly on the assumptions made about the energy and momentum deposited by the jet into the medium. We compare our phenomenological hydrodynamic calculations performed in a static medium for a variety of energy-momentum sources (including a pQCD-based calculation) with the exact strong coupling limit obtained within the AdS/CFT correspondence. We also discuss the observability of hydrodynamical features triggered by jets in experimentally measured two-particle correlations at RHIC.