Could some black holes have evolved from wormholes?

TL;DR

This paper explores the hypothesis that some black holes may have originated from wormholes that evolved over time, offering a novel perspective on black hole formation and the nature of wormholes in the universe.

Contribution

It proposes a theoretical model where traversable wormholes formed from phantom energy could evolve into black holes, linking two exotic spacetime phenomena.

Findings

Wormholes could spontaneously form in a universe with a time-dependent equation of state.

Such wormholes would eventually collapse into black holes.

This process could explain the abundance of black holes without direct evidence of wormholes.

Abstract

One way to explain the present acceleration of the Universe is Einstein's cosmological constant. It is quite likely, in view of some recent studies, that a time-dependent equation of state had caused the Universe to evolve from an earlier phantom-energy model. In that case traversable wormholes could have formed spontaneously. It is shown in this paper that such wormholes would eventually have become black holes. This would provide a possible explanation for the huge number of black holes discovered, while any evidence for the existence of wormholes is entirely lacking, even though wormholes are just as good, in terms of being a prediction of general relativity, as black holes.