New BVRI photometry results on KBOs from the ESO VLT

TL;DR

This study presents new BVRI photometry of 32 Kuiper Belt Objects using the ESO VLT, combining data with previous surveys to analyze surface color correlations with orbital parameters and object size, revealing new potential relationships.

Contribution

It provides an expanded dataset of 116 TNOs and Centaurs, confirming known correlations and identifying new ones, especially related to color and orbital parameters across different dynamical groups.

Findings

Confirmed existing color-orbital correlations.

Discovered new correlations dependent on object size.

Found ~55% of objects show significant variability, suggesting elongated shapes.

Abstract

Photometric surveys of transNeptunian objects (TNOs) and Centaurs have suggested possible correlations between some orbital parameters and surface colors of classical objects, scattered disk objects (SDOs), and Centaurs. However, larger sample sizes are needed in order to corroborate or rule out the possible correlations and find some possible new ones. We use VLT-FORS images through BVRI filters of 32 Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) and obtain their colors after proper reduction and calibration. We study the possible correlations merging these new measurements with the VLT published results from the ESO large program and with the latest published results of the Meudon Multicolor Survey via non-parametric statistical tests. We obtain a large dataset of 116 objects (classical, SDOs and Centaurs) and, in addition to confirming most of the correlations and conclusions reached in the literature, some possible new correlations are found. The most interesting ones are some correlations of color vs. orbital parameters for the different dynamical groups. We find that some correlations in the classical group, as well as the (dynamically) cold and hot subgroups depend on the size of the objects. As a by-product of our study, we were able to identify new candidates for light curve studies and found that ~55% of the objects showed variability above 0.15 mags. This is a higher value than what is found in other studies. Since our sample contains smaller objects than samples from other studies, this result might be an indication that the smaller TNOs are more elongated than the larger ones.