Non-extensive statistics in stringy space-time foam models and entangled meson states

TL;DR

This paper explores how stringy space-time foam models can generate non-extensive Tsallis statistics, leading to observable CPT-violating effects in entangled meson states, with potential detectability in future experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a stochastic model for D-particle recoil velocities that results in Tsallis non-extensive statistics and estimates observable CPT-violating effects in meson systems.

Findings

Recoil velocities follow Tsallis distribution due to string coupling fluctuations.

The model predicts CPT-violating effects within experimental sensitivity.

D-particle foam fluctuations respect Lorentz symmetry on average.

Abstract

The possibility of generation of non-extensive statistics, in the sense of Tsallis, due to space-time foam is discussed within the context of a particular kind of foam in string/brane-theory, the D-particle foam model . The latter involves point-like brane defects (D-particles), which provide the topologically non-trivial foamy structures of space-time. A stochastic Langevin equation for the velocity recoil of D-particles can be derived from the pinched approximation for a sum over genera in the calculation of the partition function of a bosonic string in the presence of heavy D-particles. The string coupling in standard perturbation theory is related to the exponential of the expectation of the dilaton. Inclusion of fluctuations of the dilaton itself and uncertainties in the string background will then necessitate fluctuations in $g_{s}$. The fluctuation in the string coupling in the sum over genera typically leads to a generic structure of the Langevin equation where the coefficient of the noise term, dependent on the string coupling $g_{s}$, fluctuates. The positivity of $g_{s}$ leads naturally to a stochastic modelling of its distribution with a $\chi$- distribution. This then rigorously implies a Tsallis type non-extensive or, more generally, a superstatistics distribution for the recoil velocity of D-particles. As a concrete and physically interesting application, we provide a rigorous estimate of an $\omega$-like effect, pertinent to CPT violating modifications of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlators in entangled states of neutral Kaons. In the case of D-particle foam fluctuations, which respect the Lorentz symmetry of the vacuum on average, we find that the $\omega$-effect may be within the range of sensitivity of future meson factories.