Hawking radiation as tunneling and the unified first law of thermodynamics at the apparent horizon in the FRW universe

TL;DR

This paper explores the connection between Hawking radiation as tunneling and the unified first law of thermodynamics at the apparent horizon in the FRW universe, revealing their fundamental relationship.

Contribution

It demonstrates how the tunneling rate naturally emerges from the unified first law of thermodynamics in a dynamical cosmological setting.

Findings

Tunneling rate is derived from thermodynamic principles.

The unified first law underpins the tunneling process.

Energy conservation links tunneling and thermodynamics.

Abstract

Relations between the tunneling rate and the unified first law of thermodynamics at the apparent horizon of the FRW universe are investigated. The tunneling rate arises as a consequence of the unified first law of thermodynamics in such a dynamical system. The analysis shows obviously how the tunneling is intimately connected with the unified first law of thermodynamics through the principle of conservation of energy.