Nonequilibrium mesoscopic superconductors in a fluctuational regime

TL;DR

This paper develops a non-equilibrium Ginzburg-Landau functional for mesoscopic superconductors, specifically small superconducting islands under stationary non-equilibrium conditions, and analyzes how external drives affect their free energy landscape.

Contribution

It introduces a method to construct a non-equilibrium Ginzburg-Landau functional and applies it to mesoscopic superconductors, providing new insights into their non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

Findings

Derived the GL expansion for non-equilibrium superconductors

Analyzed the dependence of GL coefficients on external drive

Provided a framework for studying non-equilibrium superconducting systems

Abstract

We show that there exist a class of nonequilibrium systems for which a non-equilibrium analog of the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) functional can be constructed and propose the procedure for its derivation. As an example, we consider a small superconductor island of the size less than the coherence length in a stationary nonequlibrium state. We find the GL expansion of the free energy functional of such a system and analyze the dependence of the coefficients of the expansion upon the external drive and the non-equilibrium distribution functions.