Overview and Validation of the CEM and LAQGSM Event Generators for MCNP6, MCNPX, and MARS15

TL;DR

This paper reviews and validates the latest versions of the CEM and LAQGSM event generators used in MCNP6, MCNPX, and MARS15, focusing on their nuclear reaction models and benchmarking against experimental data.

Contribution

It provides an overview of recent developments in nuclear reaction models within CEM and LAQGSM, including multifragmentation and fission-like decay, with validation against experimental data.

Findings

Models accurately reproduce experimental reaction data.

Inclusion of multifragmentation improves model predictions.

Validation covers a wide range of reaction types.

Abstract

A brief description of the IntraNuclear cascade, preequilibrium, evaporation, fission, coalescence, and Fermi breakup models used by the last versions of our CEM and LAQGSM event generators is presented, with a focus on our latest development of all these models. The recently developed "S" and "G" versions of our codes, that consider multifragmentation of nuclei formed after the preequilibrium stage of reactions when their excitation energy is above 2A MeV using the Statistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM) code by Botvina et al. ("S" stands for SMM) and the fission-like binary-decay model GEMINI by Charity ("G" stands for GEMINI), respectively, are overviewed as well. Examples of benchmarking our models against a large variety of experimental data on particle-particle, particle nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus reactions, involving some very recent measurements of interest to accelerator radiation induced activation, are discussed.