Vortex splitting and phase separating instabilities of coreless vortices in F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the stability and excitations of coreless vortices in F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing how spin interactions influence vortex splitting and phase separation.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical analysis of vortex instabilities and phase separation in spinor BECs, highlighting the effects of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions.

Findings

Dynamical instabilities are suppressed by ferromagnetic interactions.

Antiferromagnetic interactions enhance vortex splitting and induce phase separation.

Vortex splitting instabilities are analogous to those in scalar BECs.

Abstract

The low lying excitations of coreless vortex states in F = 1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are theoretically investigated using the Gross-Pitaevskii and Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. The spectra of the elementary excitations are calculated for different spin-spin interaction parameters and ratios of the number of particles in each sublevel. There exist dynamical instabilities of the vortex state which are suppressed by ferromagnetic interactions, and conversely, enhanced by antiferromagnetic interactions. In both of the spin-spin interaction regimes, we find vortex splitting instabilities in analogy with scalar BECs. In addition, a phase separating instability is found in the antiferromagnetic regime.