Atomic collapse, Lorentz boosts, Klein scattering, and other quantum-relativistic phenomena in graphene

TL;DR

This paper explores relativistic quantum phenomena in graphene, including atomic collapse, Klein scattering, and magnetotransport, highlighting how graphene serves as a platform for studying high-energy physics effects in a condensed matter setting.

Contribution

It introduces methods to analyze atomic collapse and Klein scattering in graphene, applying Lorentz transformations to solve magnetotransport problems and proposing experimental setups for observing these effects.

Findings

Atomic collapse states can be observed in graphene with charge impurities.

Lorentz transformations simplify magnetotransport calculations in p-n junctions.

Fabry-Perot resonances can be used to investigate Klein scattering phenomena.

Abstract

Electrons in graphene, behaving as massless relativistic Dirac particles, provide a new perspective on the relation between condensed matter and high-energy physics. We discuss atomic collapse, a novel state of superheavy atoms stripped of their discrete energy levels, which are transformed into resonant states. Charge impurities in graphene provide a convenient condensed matter system in which this effect can be explored. Relativistic dynamics also manifests itself in another system, graphene p-n junctions. We show how the transport problem in the presence of magnetic field can be solved with the help of a Lorentz transformation, and use it to investigate magnetotransport in p-n junctions. Finally, we review recent proposal to use Fabry-Perot resonances in p-n-p structures as a vehicle to investigate Klein scattering, another hallmark phenomenon of relativistic dynamics.