Revisiting the confrontation of the energy conditions with supernovae data

TL;DR

This paper revisits how energy conditions relate to the universe's expansion by analyzing supernovae data with improved statistical methods, revealing recent past violations or fulfillments of these conditions in standard cosmology.

Contribution

It extends previous work by applying new statistical techniques to supernovae data to better understand energy condition violations in the recent universe.

Findings

Energy conditions are violated or fulfilled differently in the recent past.

New q(z) estimates provide insights into universe's acceleration phases.

Results support or challenge standard cosmological models.

Abstract

In the standard Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) approach to model the Universe the violation of the so-called energy conditions is related to some important properties of the Universe as, for example, the current and the inflationary accelerating expansion phases. The energy conditions are also necessary in the formulation and proofs of Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems. In two recent articles we have derived bounds from energy conditions and made confrontations of these bounds with supernovae data. Here, we extend these results in following way: first, by using our most recent statistical procedure for calculating new q(z) estimates from the \emph{gold} and \emph{combined} type Ia supernovae samples; second, we use these estimates to obtain a new picture of the energy conditions fulfillment and violation for the recent past ($z\leq 1 $) in the context of the standard cosmology.