The Electrostatic Component of the Disjoining Pressure and the Pore Creation Rate in Electroporation Models and Theory

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new theoretically derived expression for pore creation in electroporation, based on electrostatic disjoining pressures, improving prediction accuracy over existing temperature-dependent models.

Contribution

A novel expression for electroporation pore creation onset was developed, incorporating electrostatic disjoining pressures, and validated against experimental data.

Findings

New expression aligns well with experimental pore nucleation data.

Expression depends on electrolyte and lipid properties, enhancing predictive capability.

Improves upon existing temperature-dependent models for pore creation.

Abstract

Under externally applied electric fields, lipid membranes tend to permeate and change their electrical resistance by the combined processes of pore creation and pore evolution (expansion or contraction). This study is focused on the pore creation process, represented by an empirical expression currently used in the electroporation (EP) models, for which an alternative theoretically based expression was provided. The choice of this expression was motivated by the role the DLVO's (disjoining) pressures may play in the process of EP. The electrostatic energy effects on each sides of a lipid membrane were evaluated in terms of the electrostatic component of the disjoining pressure. Thus the pore creation energy considerations in the current EP models, associated with the necessity of an idealized non conducting circular pre-pore were avoided. As a result, a new expression for the onset of the electroporation was proposed. It was found that this new theoretically determined expression is in good agreement with the one estimated from an experiment that specifically targeted the pore nucleation by eliminating the pore evolution process. Furthermore, the proposed expression is dependent on the electrolyte and the lipid properties and should provide better predictability than the currently used pore creation EP model, which is only temperature dependent.