Dynamical formation and interaction of bright solitary waves and solitons in the collapse of Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive interactions

TL;DR

This paper models the formation and interaction of bright solitary waves in collapsing Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing the influence of quantum fluctuations and noise on their dynamics and lifetimes.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the role of quantum fluctuations and noise in the formation and stability of bright solitary waves in BEC collapse.

Findings

Quantum fluctuations induce predominantly repulsive soliton interactions in 1D.

Quantum noise reduces the lifetime of bright solitary waves in 3D simulations.

Post-collapse oscillations can estimate three-body recombination rates.

Abstract

We model the dynamics of formation of multiple, long-lived, bright solitary waves in the collapse of Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive interactions as studied in the experiment of Cornish et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 170401]. Using both mean-field and quantum field simulation techniques, we find that while a number of separated wave packets form as observed in the experiment, they do not have a repulsive \pi phase difference that has been previously inferred. We observe that the inclusion of quantum fluctuations causes soliton dynamics to be predominantly repulsive in one dimensional simulations independent of their initial relative phase. However, indicative three-dimensional simulations do not support this conclusion and in fact show that quantum noise has a negative impact on bright solitary wave lifetimes. Finally, we show that condensate oscillations, after the collapse, may serve to deduce three-body recombination rates, and that the remnant atom number may still exceed the critical number for collapse for as long as three seconds independent of the relative phases of the bright solitary waves.