Thermodynamics of the pion gas using the O(N) model in 1/N expansion

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the thermodynamics of a pion gas using the O(N) model with 1/N expansion, demonstrating renormalization, phase transition behavior, and the impact of coupling strength on critical temperature.

Contribution

It provides a next-to-leading order analysis of the pion gas thermodynamics within the O(N) model, including renormalization and phase transition insights.

Findings

Chiral symmetry is restored at finite temperature via a second-order phase transition.

The critical temperature increases at strong coupling compared to weak coupling.

The effective potential can be renormalized in a temperature-independent way.

Abstract

We investigate the thermodynamics of a pion gas within the O(N) model in the 1/N expansion. Using the auxiliary field technique, we compute the effective potential up to the next-to-leading order (NLO) and show that it can be renormalized in a temperature-independent manner. The crucial step for the consistency of the calculation turns out to be the elimination of the auxiliary field prior to renormalization. Subsequently, we solve the NLO gap equation for the chiral condensate as a function of temperature both in the chiral limit and with explicit symmetry breaking. We propose a simple semi-analytic estimate of the NLO correction to the condensate and compare it to the exact numerical solution. Finally, we show that in the chiral limit the chiral symmetry is restored at finite temperature by a second-order phase transition, and determine the critical scaling of the order parameter. We study the dependence of the critical temperature on the renormalized coupling and find that in contrast to the weak-coupling limit, at strong coupling the critical temperature increases at NLO.