Symmetry-break, mixing, instability, and low frequency variability in a minimal Lorenz-like system

TL;DR

This paper derives a minimal Lorenz-like system from classical convection equations, revealing how symmetry-breaking and thermal-viscous feedback influence the system's dynamics, stability, and spectral properties, with implications for complex multiscale processes.

Contribution

It introduces a new minimal model that incorporates viscous dissipation effects, demonstrating their impact on symmetry, stability, and long-term dynamics in Lorenz-like systems.

Findings

System becomes ergodic and hyperbolic when Eckert number is non-zero

Long-term memory with 1/f^{3/2} power spectra observed in slow variables

Increasing thermal-viscous feedback stabilizes the system, reducing entropy and attractor dimension

Abstract

Starting from the classical Saltzman 2D convection equations, we derive via a severe spectral truncation a minimal 10 ODE system which includes the thermal effect of viscous dissipation. Neglecting this process leads to a dynamical system which includes a decoupled (generalized) Lorenz system. The consideration of this process breaks an important symmetry, couples the dynamics of fast and slow variables, ensuing modifications of the structural properties of the attractor and of the spectral features. When the relevant nondimensional number (Eckert number Ec) is different from zero, the system is ergodic and hyperbolic, the slow variables feature long term memory with 1/f 3/2 power spectra, and the fast variables feature amplitude modulation on time scale of 1/Ec. Increasing the strength of the thermal-viscous feedback has a stabilizing effect, as both the metric entropy and the Kaplan-Yorke attractor dimension decrease monotonically with Ec. The analyzed system features very rich dynamics: it overcomes some of the limitations of the Lorenz system and might have prototypical value in relevant processes in complex systems dynamics, such as the interaction between slow and fast variables. the presence of long term memory and the associated extreme value statistics. Analysis shows how, neglecting the coupling of slow and fast variables only on the basis of scale analysis can be catastrophic. In fact, this leads to spurious invariances that affect essential dynamical properties (ergodicity, hyperbolicity) and that cause the model losing ability in describing intrinsically multiscale processes.