The Distance, Mass, and Radius of the Neutron Star in 4U 1608-52

TL;DR

This paper measures the distance, mass, and radius of the neutron star in 4U 1608-52 using X-ray spectroscopy and interstellar reddening, providing key data for constraining neutron star equations of state.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method combining interstellar extinction modeling and X-ray burst analysis to determine neutron star properties in 4U 1608-52.

Findings

Distance to 4U 1608-52 is between 3.9 and 5.8 kpc.

Neutron star mass is 1.74 +/- 0.14 solar masses.

Neutron star radius is 9.3 +/- 1.0 km.

Abstract

Low mass X-ray binaries that show thermonuclear bursts are ideal sources for constraining the equation of state of neutron star matter. The lack of independent distance measurements for most of these sources, however, prevents a systematic exploration of the masses and radii of the neutron stars, hence limiting the equation of state studies. We present here a measurement of the distance to the low mass X-ray binary 4U 1608-52 that is based on the study of the interstellar extinction towards the source. We first model the individual absorption edges of the elements Ne and Mg in the high resolution X-ray spectrum obtained with XMM-Newton. We then combine this information with a measurement of the run of reddening with distance using red clump stars and determine a minimum distance to the source of 3.9 kpc, with a most probable value of 5.8 kpc. Finally, we analyze time-resolved X-ray spectra of Type-I X-ray bursts observed from this source to measure the mass and the radius of the neutron star. We find a mass of M = 1.74 +/- 0.14 M_sun and a radius of R = 9.3 +/- 1.0 km, respectively. This mass and radius can be achieved by several multi-nucleon equations of state.