Spontaneous flow states in active nematics: a unified picture

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of spontaneous flow states in active nematics, unifying previous findings and exploring the effects of shear and polarity on these self-organising systems.

Contribution

It offers a complete phase space characterization for active nematics in channels, extending prior models to include both contractile and extensile particles with flow alignment.

Findings

Characterization of phase space for active nematics in channels

Response of kink states to imposed shear

Impact of polarity on dynamical behaviour

Abstract

Continuum hydrodynamic models of active liquid crystals have been used to describe dynamic self-organising systems such as bacterial swarms and cytoskeletal gels. A key prediction of such models is the existence of self-stabilising kink states that spontaneously generate fluid flow in quasi-one dimensional channels. Using simple stability arguments and numerical calculations we extend previous studies to give a complete characterisation of the phase space for both contractile and extensile particles (ie pullers and pushers) moving in a narrow channel as a function of their flow alignment properties and initial orientation. This gives a framework for unifying many of the results in the literature. We describe the response of the kink states to an imposed shear, and investigate how allowing the system to be polar modifies its dynamical behaviour.