Reconciling MOND and dark matter?

TL;DR

This paper proposes a unified framework where dark matter exists and interacts with baryonic matter and gravity, reproducing MOND-like behavior in galaxies while aligning with cold dark matter predictions at larger scales.

Contribution

It introduces a novel interaction model between dark matter, baryons, and gravity that explains MOND phenomenology without modifying fundamental physics.

Findings

Model reproduces galaxy-scale MOND phenomenology

Aligns with cold dark matter predictions at larger scales

Introduces a new order parameter for observational tests

Abstract

Observations of galaxies suggest a one-to-one analytic relation between the inferred gravity of dark matter at any radius and the enclosed baryonic mass, a relation summarized by Milgrom's law of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). However, present-day covariant versions of MOND usually require some additional fields contributing to the geometry, as well as an additional hot dark matter component to explain cluster dynamics and cosmology. Here, we envisage a slightly more mundane explanation, suggesting that dark matter does exist but is the source of MOND-like phenomenology in galaxies. We assume a canonical action for dark matter, but also add an interaction term between baryonic matter, gravity, and dark matter, such that standard matter effectively obeys the MOND field equation in galaxies. We show that even the simplest realization of the framework leads to a model which reproduces some phenomenological predictions of cold dark matter (CDM) and MOND at those scales where these are most successful. We also devise a more general form of the interaction term, introducing the medium density as a new order parameter. This allows for new physical effects which should be amenable to observational tests in the near future. Hence, this very general framework, which can be furthermore related to a generalized scalar-tensor theory, opens the way to a possible unification of the successes of CDM and MOND at different scales.