Spontaneous mass current and textures of p-wave superfluids of trapped Fermionic atom gases at rest and under rotation

TL;DR

This paper theoretically demonstrates that three-dimensional trapped p-wave superfluids of fermionic atoms exhibit spontaneous mass currents at rest and complex textures under rotation, which can serve as signatures of p-wave superfluidity.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical analysis of spontaneous currents and vortex textures in p-wave superfluids using the Ginzburg-Landau framework, highlighting unique features in trapped atomic gases.

Findings

Spontaneous mass current exists at rest in p-wave superfluids.

Various vortex textures, including Mermin-Ho and Anderson-Toulouse-Chechetkin, are stabilized under rotation.

In cigar-shaped traps, spontaneous current flows longitudinally, perpendicular to rotational currents.

Abstract

It is found theoretically based on the Ginzburg-Landau framework that p-wave superfluids of neutral atom gases in three dimension harmonic traps exhibit spontaneous mass current at rest, whose direction depends on trap geometry. Under rotation various types of the order parameter textures are stabilized, including Mermin-Ho and Anderson-Toulouse-Chechetkin vortices. In a cigar shape trap spontaneous current flows longitudial to the rotation axis and thus perpendicular to the ordinary rotational current. These features, spontaneous mass current at rest and texture formation, can be used as diagnoses for p-wave superfluidity.