On the Riesz Basis Property of the Eigen- and Associated Functions of Periodic and Antiperiodic Sturm-Liouville Problems

TL;DR

This paper investigates the Riesz basis property of eigen- and associated functions of Sturm-Liouville operators with periodic or antiperiodic boundary conditions, establishing conditions on the potential function for the basis property to hold.

Contribution

It provides new necessary and sufficient conditions involving Fourier coefficients of the potential for the Riesz basis property of the root functions.

Findings

Riesz basis property characterized by Fourier coefficient conditions

Conditions depend on smoothness and boundary behavior of the potential

Main result links basis property to asymptotic relations of Fourier coefficients

Abstract

The paper deals with the Sturm-Liouville operator $$ Ly=-y^{\prime\prime}+q(x)y,\qquad x\in\lbrack0,1], $$ generated in the space $L_{2}=L_{2}[0,1]$ by periodic or antiperiodic boundary conditions. Several theorems on Riesz basis property of the root functions of the operator $L$ are proved. One of the main results is the following. \textsl{Let $q$ belong to Sobolev space $W_{1}^{p}[0,1]$ with some integer $p\geq0$ and satisfy the conditions $q^{(k)}(0)=q^{(k)}(1)=0$ for $0\leq k\leq s-1$, where s}$\leq p.$ \textsl{Let the functions $Q$ and $S$ be defined by the equalities $Q(x)=\int_{0}^{x}q(t) dt, S(x)=Q^{2}(x)$ and let $q_{n}%, Q_{n},S_{n}$ be the Fourier coefficients of $q,Q,S$ with respect to the trigonometric system $\{e^{2\pi inx}\}_{-\infty}^{\infty}$. Assume that the sequence $q_{2n}-S_{2n}+2Q_{0}Q_{2n}$ decreases not faster than the powers $n^{-s-2}$. Then the system of eigen and associated functions of the operator $L$ generated by periodic boundary conditions forms a Riesz basis in the space $L_{2}[0,1]$ (provided that the eigenfunctions are normalized) if and only if the condition $$ q_{2n}-S_{2n}+Q_{0}Q_{2n}\asymp q_{-2n}-S_{-2n}+2Q_{0}Q_{-2n},\quad n>1, $$ holds.