Computer Simulations of Pulsatile Human Blood Flow Through 3D-Models of the Human Aortic Arch, Vessels of Simple Geometry and a Bifurcated Artery: Investigation of Blood Viscosity and Turbulent Effects

TL;DR

This study uses computational simulations to analyze pulsatile human blood flow through various vessel geometries, highlighting the importance of non-Newtonian blood behavior and turbulence effects on flow dynamics and wall shear stress.

Contribution

It introduces detailed simulations of blood flow in realistic vessel geometries considering non-Newtonian and turbulence effects, which differ from traditional Newtonian models.

Findings

Non-Newtonian blood behavior significantly affects flow parameters.

Turbulence effects are crucial in bifurcation vessels.

Wall shear stress increases notably in the aortic arch region.

Abstract

We report computational results of blood flow through a model of the human aortic arch and a vessel of actual diameter and length. On the top of the aortic arch the branching of the %%three arteries are included: the subclavian and jugular. A realistic pulsatile flow is used in all simulations. Calculations for bifurcation type vessels are also carried out and presented. Different mathematical methods for numerical solution of the fluid dynamics equations have been considered. The non-Newtonian behaviour of the human blood is investigated together with turbulence effects. A detailed time-dependent mathematical convergence test has been carried out. The results of computer simulations of the blood flow in vessels of three different geometries are presented: for pressure, strain rate and velocity component distributions we found significant disagreements between our results obtained with realistic non-Newtonian treatment of human blood and the widely used method in the literature: a simple Newtonian approximation. A significant increase of the strain rate and, as a result, a wall shear stress distribution, is found in the region of the aortic arch. Turbulent effects are found to be important, particularly in the case of bifurcation vessels.