The uncertainties due to quark energy loss on determining nuclear sea quark distribution from nuclear Drell-Yan data

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how quark energy loss affects the extraction of nuclear sea quark distributions from Drell-Yan data, highlighting the importance of accounting for energy loss effects to avoid overestimating nuclear modifications.

Contribution

It introduces a phenomenological analysis quantifying the impact of quark energy loss on nuclear Drell-Yan cross section ratios using two parametrizations and existing experimental data.

Findings

Quark energy loss affects nuclear Drell-Yan ratios.

Uncertainties increase with quark momentum fraction and nuclear mass.

Neglecting energy loss leads to overestimation of nuclear sea quark modifications.

Abstract

By means of two different parametrizations of quark energy loss and the nuclear parton distributions determined only with lepton-nuclear deep inelastic scattering experimental data, a leading order phenomenological analysis is performed on the nuclear Drell-Yan differential cross section ratios as a function of the quark momentum fraction in the beam proton and target nuclei for E772 experimental data. It is shown that there is the quark energy loss effect in nuclear Drell-Yan process apart from the nuclear effects on the parton distribution as in deep inelastic scattering. The uncertainties due to quark energy loss effect is quantified on determining nuclear sea quark distribution by using nuclear Drell-Yan data. It is found that the quark energy loss effect on nuclear Drell-Yan cross section ratios make greater with the increase of quark momentum fraction in the target nuclei. The uncertainties from quark energy loss become bigger as the nucleus A come to be heavier. The Drell-Yan data on proton incident middle and heavy nuclei versus deuterium would result in an overestimate for nuclear modifications on sea quark distribution functions with neglecting the quark energy loss. Our results are hoped to provide good directional information on the magnitude and form of nuclear modifications on sea quark distribution functions by means of the nuclear Drell-Yan experimental data.